A dental implant is a surgical component that interfaces with the bone of the jaw or skull to support a dental prosthesis such as a crown, bridge, denture, facial prosthesis, or to act as an orthodontic anchor. The basis for modern dental implants is a biologic process called osseointegration, in which materials such as titanium form an intimate bond to bone. The implant fixture is first placed into the jawbone and given time to heal. Once healed, it provides a stable foundation for a replacement tooth or teeth. Dental implants offer a long-term solution for replacing missing teeth and are considered one of the most effective and durable options in modern dentistry. They can improve both function and aesthetics, restoring confidence and improving quality of life for individuals with missing teeth.

Fixed orthodontic treatments, often referred to as braces, are dental appliances used to correct misaligned teeth and jaws. These treatments involve attaching brackets to the teeth and connecting them with wires, which are periodically adjusted to gradually move the teeth into the desired position. Here's an overview of fixed orthodontic treatments:Brackets: Brackets are small, square-shaped metal or ceramic attachments that are bonded to the front surface of each tooth with a dental adhesive. These brackets serve as anchors for the wires used to move the teeth.Archwires: Archwires are thin, flexible wires that are attached to the brackets. They apply continuous pressure on the teeth, guiding them into the correct position over time. As treatment progresses, thicker and sturdier wires may be used to facilitate more significant tooth movements.Elastics: Elastics, also known as rubber bands, are sometimes used in conjunction with braces to apply additional force to specific teeth or correct the alignment of the bite.Bands: In some cases, metal bands may be placed around the molars to anchor the braces securely. These bands provide stability and support for the archwires and brackets.Spacers: Spacers are small elastic or metal rings placed between the back molars to create space for the placement of bands or other orthodontic appliances.Auxiliary appliances: In complex cases, additional appliances such as headgear, palate expanders, or temporary anchorage devices (TADs) may be used to support or enhance the effectiveness of fixed orthodontic treatment.Adjustments: Regular adjustments are necessary throughout the treatment process to tighten or replace the archwires, change the elastic bands, or make other modifications to ensure progress toward the desired outcome.

Dental aligners, also known as clear aligners, are a type of orthodontic appliance used to straighten teeth and correct bite issues. They are an alternative to traditional braces and are made of clear, flexible plastic that fits snugly over the teeth.Here's how they work:Consultation: The process typically begins with a consultation with an orthodontist or dentist who specializes in aligner therapy. During this appointment, they will assess your teeth and determine if clear aligners are the right treatment for you.Digital Scanning or Impressions: If clear aligners are suitable for your needs, your orthodontist will take digital scans or traditional impressions of your teeth. These will be used to create a 3D model of your teeth, which will guide the design of your aligners.Treatment Plan: Based on the scans or impressions, your orthodontist will create a customized treatment plan. This plan will outline the movements your teeth need to make to achieve the desired alignment.Aligner Fabrication: Using the 3D model of your teeth, a series of aligners will be fabricated specifically for you. Each aligner is slightly different, gradually applying pressure to shift your teeth into the desired position.Wearing the Aligners: You will be given a series of aligners to wear, typically changing them every one to two weeks as directed by your orthodontist. You'll wear them for 20-22 hours a day, removing them only for eating, drinking (except water), brushing, and flossing.